French+Revolution+and+Napoleon

__French Revolution and Napoleon__ Jordan Dylan and Matt Period 7.

 A celebrated people lose dignity upon a closer view. Napoleon Bonaparte =10 Terms=

Coup d' 'etat- a sudden overthrow of the government, led by the successful and popular general Napoleon Bonaparte, toppled the Directory. Napoleon seized power.
Consulate- was proclaimed. Although theoretically it was a repbulic, in fact Napoleon held absloute power. 1799 the new government was called Consulate.

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Nationalism- is the unigue cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols. The spirt of French nationalism had made possible the mass armies of the revolitionary and Napoleonic eras.======

**People**
Marie Antoinette baptized Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793 was an Archduchess of Austria and the Queen of France and of Navarre. She was the fifteenth and penultimate child of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I. 9. Alexander I of Russia served as Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and the first Russian King of Poland from 1815 to 1825. He was also the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland and Lithuania. 8. Charlotte Corday was a figure of the French Revolution. In 1793, she was executed under the guillotine for the assassination of Jacobin leader Jean-Paul Marat, who was in part responsible, through his role as a politician and journalist, for the more radical course the Revolution had taken. 7. Louis XVI was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792, before being executed in 1793. 6. Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans commonly known as //Philippe// was a member of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, the ruling dynasty of France. 5. Marie-Jeanne Phlippon Roland**,** better known simply as Madame Roland and born Marie-Jeanne Phlippon was, together with her husband Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière, a supporter of the French Revolution and influential member of the Girondist faction. 4. Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte was the elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him King of Naples and Sicily and later King of Spain After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself //Comte de// //Survilliers //. 3. Louis XIV known as Louis the Great or the Sun King was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. He holds the distinction of being the longest-reigning king in European history, reigning for 72 years and 101 days. 2. Charles II was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. 1. Luciano Buonaparte, was the third surviving son of Carlo Buonaparte and his wife Letizia Ramolino.
 * 10.**

=3 paragraph= In the year 1789 witnessed two far reaching events. The beginning of a the United States and the Start of the French Revolution. The French Revolution was more complex and more violent then the American Revolution. The French Revolution was a cause of both long-range and immediate forces. The long-range problem was uneven power of the three estates. The first estate consisted of 130,000 people. The first estate owned 10 percent of the land and didnt pay taxes. The second estate were nobility, this estate consitited of 350,000 people. The second estate owned 25- 30 percent of the land. The third estate consituted 75 to 80 percent of the total population. The third estate owned 35- 40 percent of the land. On August 26, the National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. This was inspired by the American Declaration of Independence and Consitution, and the English bill of Rights. In the Spring of 1792 the rulers of Austria and Prussia threatened to use force to restore louis XVI to full power. The Legislative was insulted by this threat and delcared war on Austria. (Jordan sec 1)

Shortly after the National Assembly formed, its members took the Tennis Court Oath, swearing that they would not relent in their efforts until a new constitution had been agreed upon. The National Assembly’s revolutionary spirit galvanized France, manifesting in a number of different ways. In Paris, citizens stormed the city’s largest prison, the Bastille, in pursuit of arms. In the countryside, peasants and farmers revolted against their feudal contracts by attacking the manors and estates of their landlords. Dubbed the “Great Fear,” these rural attacks continued until the early August issuing of the August Decrees, which freed those peasants from their oppressive contracts. Shortly thereafter, the assembly released the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which established a proper judicial code and the autonomy of the French people.(Dylan Sec. 2)

The Reign of Terror also known simply as The Terror was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Grindings and the Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of enemies of the revolution. The death toll ranged in the tens of thousands, with 16,594 executed by guillotine and another 25,000 in summary executions across France. . The guillotine became the symbol of the revolutionary cause, strengthened by a string of executions: Marie Antoinette, King Louis XVI, the Grindings, Philippe Égalité and Madame Roland, as well as many others, such as pioneering chemist Antoine Lavoisier, lost their lives under its blade. During 1794, revolutionary France was beset with conspiracies by internal and foreign enemies. Within France, the revolution was opposed by the French nobility, which had lost its inherited privileges. The Roman Catholic Church was generally against the Revolution, which had turned the clergy into employees of the state and required they take an oath of loyalty to the nation (mat sec 3)


 * "[|French Revolution]" in the //Catholic Encyclopedia//
 * [|Open University course]
 * [|Entry on Encyclopedia.com] from the Columbia Encyclopedia
 * [|Primary source documents] from The Internet Modern History Sourcebook
 * [|Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution], a collaborative site by the Center for History and New Media (George Mason University) and the American Social History Project (City University of New York)
 * [|The Origins of the French Revolution],
 * [|The French Revolution: The Moderate Stage, 1789–1792]
 * \[|The French Revolution: The Radical Stage, 1792–1794]
 * []//Catholic Encyclopedia//



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 A celebrated people lose dignity upon a closer view. [|Napoleon Bonaparte]

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