Ancient+Egypt

jordan and mat 3500-500 B.C.

One of the most important physical aspects of Ancient Egypt was the Nile River, which meant "Giver of Life." This river was 4160 miles long, making it the longest river in the world. The Nile River is also one of the few rivers to flow North. Egypt also had four natural barriers that protected them from invasion. These were the Libyan and Nubian deserts and the Red and Mediterranean seas.

Egypt was split into two kingdoms, Upper and Lower Egypt. Upper Egypt was the land upstream to the South. The symbol for Upper Egypt was the Cobra and the White Crown. Lower Egypt was closest to the Mediterranean Sea. The symbol was a Vulture and a Red Crown. In 3100 BC, Menes, the first Pharaoh of Egypt, united the two kingdoms. media type="custom" key="12013289" align="left" width="120" height="120"

There are three different periods of Ancient Egyptian history. The first one is the Old Kingdom, which lasted from 2700 BC-2200 BC, this was also known as the pyramid age. It was the greatest period of Egyptian history. The second period was called the Middle Kingdom, which lasted from 2050 BC- 1800BC, this was also known as the Golden Age. During this time the Huksos invaded Egypt. The last period is called the New Kingdom and lasted from 1570 BC- 1090 BC. This was also known as the Empire Age and was when the first female ruler Queen Pharaoh ruled.

~Terms~ Kemet- Black land (name given to ancient Egypt) Black soil. This was the fertile land that was dark in color Pharaoh- Great house - sun of Amon-Re Originally meaning "great house" or "palace" This was one of various titles of Egyptian monarchs Maat- Devine cosmic principle of universe, keeps truth and justice in world Sacred animals incluede cats, bulls, crocodiles and scarab beetles Mummification- Embalming and drying corpse to prevent it from decaying. The bodies were slowly decaayed. The process took place in a workshop run by priests. Canopic Jars- held internal organs such as ones lungs, liver and stomach, these jarrs were placed in pyramids and tombs with mufficated bodies Natron- Salt used to dry body for mummification the salt absorbed the body's water. Layter layers of linen soaked in resin were rapped around the bodies after tey were filled with spices.

~Important People~ Menes: First pharaoh of Egypt, United upper and Lower Egypt in 3100 BC. He also created the first Egyptian royal dynasty. Hyksos: Princes of the desert, 1st invasion of Egypt. Crossed Sinai Peninsula with Horses and War Chariots, they fought the egyptinats who fought from donkey carts. Queen Hatshepsut: Queen Pharaoh- first female ruler in history, wore a ceremonials beard. 1473- 1458 BC. Built a great temple at Deir el Bahri., near Thebes  Thutmos III- "Napoleon of Egypt" Empire reaches its greatest size. Conquers Syria and Persia. LEd seventeen military campaigns into Syria and Palestine and even reached teh Euphrates River. Aton: Provider of entire world (New God) Sun Disc, symbol. Also known as the Sould God. Akhenaton changed his name to Aton.

**~Links~** [|Gods]- This page talks about the different Gods and Goddesses of the Ancient Egypt times. There were many more Gods and Goddesses of this time than the ones we heard about in this chapter. [|Art]- This page shows different art pieces from Ancient Egypt. The art from this time depicted the life of the ancient Egyptians and the tools the used. [|Maps]- This link shows many different maps from Ancient Egypt. These maps show everything from upper egypt to lower egypt. [|Timeline]- This timeline has many important events from Ancient Egypt. Many of the facts on here we have learned about but seeing some we didn't fill in some gaps and are very interesting. [|Pyramid Facts]- This link talks about who build the pyramids, why they were built and other facts about them. The pyramids from this time were built not using any equipment like we have today making the construction very difficult.



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Quote:  "By 3000 B.C. the art of Egypt was so ripe and so far advanced that it is surprising to find any student of early culture proposing that the crude contemporary art of the early Babylonians is the product of a civilization earlier than that of the Nile." [|James H. Breasted]

Events:
 * 3000 BC || Sumerian cities emerrged ||
 * 3000 BC || Cuneiform writing invented ||
 * 2700 BC || Old Kingdom begins ||
 * 2540 BC || Great Pyramid of King Khufu fininshed ||
 * 1792 BC || Hammurabi comes to power ||
 * 1652 BC || Middle Kingdom ends ||
 * 1567 BC || New Kingdom begins ||
 * 970 BC || Solomon becomes King of Israel ||
 * 539 BC || Babylonia falls ||
 * 521 BC || Darius begins to expand Persian Empire ||