Crisis+&+Absolutism+in+Europe

=Crisis and Absoultism= 1550-1715 Jordan Van Zee, Dylan Vetter, and Matt Houff =Quote= And therefore I am come amongst you at this time, not as for my recreation or sport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live or die amongst you all; to lay down, for my God, and for my kingdom, and for my people, my honour and my blood, even the dust. I know I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart of a king, and of a king of England, too.” ― Queen Elizabeth I

 A clear and innocent conscience fears nothing. [|Elizabeth I] =Terms= __**Armada-**__ Fleet of warships- to invade England. The Fleet that set sail had neither the ships nor the man power that Philip had planed to send. __**Witchcraft-**__ Or magic, had been part of traditional village culture for centuries. The religious zeal that led to the Inquisition and the hunt for heretics was extended because of this. __**Commonwealth-**__ Parliament next abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords and declared England a republic. The execution of the king caused Commonwealth to start.
 * __Militant__**-combative. During this era Calvinism and Catholicism was highly militant. The religions were fighting and started the 30 year war because of how militant.
 * __Hugenots-__** were French protestants influenced by John Calvin. They made up only about 7 percent of the total French population. Only 40 to 50 percent Nobility turned to Hugenots
 * __Edict of Nantes-__** To solve the religious problems, the king made Catholicism as the official religion of France, but it also gave the Hugenots the right to worship.
 * __Inflation-__** The major economic problem was inflation or rising prices. The great influx of gold and silver from the Americas was one factor.
 * __Divine right of kings-__** Kings James started, that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God. Parliament didn't think much of the divine right of kings.
 * __Roundheads-__** Because of their short hair. They were supporters of parliament. They fought against the prestige royal kings royalists.
 * __Cavliers-__** The Cavilers were the kings royalists, They fought against roundheads and parliament. Parliament and roundheads won.

=**3 paragraph essay.**=

By 1560 Calvinism and Catholicism had become highly militant religions. They were aggressive because they were trying to be the dominant religion during this time period. in 1558 Queen Elizabeth Tudor ascended to the throne in England. She was a horrible ruler, she killed thousands to get them to convert to her religion. Tudor tried to keep Spain and France from becoming to powerful by balancing power. If one nation become weaker then the other nation, England would support the weaker nation.

Philip order a preparations for an armada to invade England. The fleet that went to England did not have enough ships or the man power to have a chance with England. England's ships were faster and had more fire power then Spain. Many people of Spain were hoped for a miracle but that miracle never happened. England crushed Spain, many of Spain's ships were destroyed. The Spanish fleet escaped and took the northward route around Scotland and Ireland, where they got pounded by storms, many of the ships sank.

One response to the crises of the seventeenth century was to seek more stability by increasing the power of the monarch. The result of that action is now called absolutism. During the seventeenth century, absolutism was in the idea of the Divine right of kings. The government fought for many years to avoid being broke down. Louis XIV the "Sun God" in 1643 at the age of 4 came to the throne. Since Louis XIV was so young Cardinal Mazarin became the leader of the governement.

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= = =Important People During This Era=

__**4.Philip II-**__ order a fleet of warship against England. Philips reign ended in 1598 __**3.James I-**__ started the idea of the divine right of kings. Had a kid name Charles I __**2.Louis XIV**__- "Sun King" When he died he left France with debts and Everyone around France hated them.He died in 1715 __**1. Elizabeth Tudor-**__ Killed many people to get other people to convert them her religion. She was the cause of the armada to fight England.
 * __5.Henry of Navarre-__** was the political leader of the Huguenots and a member of the Bourbon dynasty. His name is Henry IV

=Timeline and Map During this Ear=

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=More Information Links=

Crisis and Absolutism
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Elizabeth I
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Charles II
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Louis XIV
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Fredrick Williams I
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